Unveiling the Original Story of Mulan: A Tale Far Different From Disney

15 May 2024

Most of us know Mulan as the courageous Disney heroine who disguised herself as a man to take her father's place in war. Her story, filled with talking dragons and musical numbers, is beloved by many. But what if I told you that the Disney version is a heavily adapted, romanticized take on a much older, more nuanced tale? The original story of Mulan is a fascinating journey through Chinese history and culture, offering a unique glimpse into the societal expectations and complexities of the time.

The earliest known iteration of Mulan's story comes from "The Ballad of Mulan," a short folk song believed to have originated sometime between the 4th and 6th centuries during the Northern Wei dynasty. Passed down orally for generations, the ballad paints a starkly different picture from the Disney adaptation. This original Mulan is driven not by adventure or romance, but by filial piety, a deeply ingrained Confucian value that prioritizes respect and obedience towards one's parents and ancestors.

In the ballad, when Mulan learns her elderly father has been called to war, she is devastated. Knowing he wouldn't survive the hardship, she resolves to go in his place. She buys a horse and armor, disguising herself as a man, and bids a tearful farewell to her family. The ballad then describes Mulan's decade-long service in the army, highlighting her bravery and strategic mind as she rises through the ranks and achieves victory alongside her comrades.

The original story offers no Mushu, no love interests, and no musical numbers. It focuses solely on Mulan's dedication to her family and her resilience in the face of immense challenges. Upon returning home victorious, Mulan's true identity is revealed, not through dramatic circumstance as in the Disney film, but rather through her own choosing. She returns to her family, her duty fulfilled. The emperor, upon learning of her disguise and accomplishments, offers her a high-ranking position in the court. Mulan declines, wishing only to return home.

The ending of the ballad is particularly striking. Having experienced the freedom and respect accorded to men, Mulan returns to a life confined by societal expectations of women. The ballad concludes with a poignant analogy: "Two rabbits running side by side – how can you tell the female from the male?" This ending leaves a lasting impression, prompting reflection on gender roles and the complexities of identity. The story of Mulan, despite originating centuries ago, still resonates with modern audiences grappling with similar themes. It reminds us that courage, determination, and selflessness are not defined by gender, and that true honor lies in staying true to oneself, even in the face of societal pressures.

While Disney's adaptation took creative liberties to appeal to a wider audience, the original story of Mulan offers a raw and powerful exploration of duty, sacrifice, and the enduring strength of the human spirit. By delving into the origins of this legendary tale, we gain a deeper appreciation for the rich tapestry of Chinese culture and the timeless values it embodies.